The Historical Tapestry of Eton
Eton’s history is deeply intertwined with its famous college, founded in 1440 by King Henry VI as “Kynge’s College of Our Ladye of Eton besyde Windesore.” Originally established to provide free education to 70 poor boys, Eton College has evolved into a prestigious institution that has educated 19 British Prime Ministers, royalty, and cultural icons like George Orwell and Ian Fleming. The town’s name, derived from Old English “Ēa-tūn” (River-Town), reflects its strategic location along the Thames, which has shaped its development since medieval times.
Eton’s early history traces back to the Norman Conquest, when the land belonged to Queen Edith, wife of Edward the Confessor. By 1086, it was under the control of Walter, son of Other, as recorded in the Domesday Book. The town grew as a hamlet to maintain the road and bridge connecting Windsor to London, but its trajectory changed dramatically with the founding of Eton College. The college’s establishment halted further expansion of the hamlet, as surrounding lands were granted to the institution, cementing its dominance in the town’s identity.
During the English Civil War, Eton played a role when Royalist forces occupied the college after Parliamentarians captured Windsor Castle, though their efforts to retake Windsor failed. By the 19th century, Eton modernized, becoming the first village in the UK with a post office and modern drainage system. Today, Eton remains a small but vibrant town, with a population of 4,692 as of the 2011 census, part of the Windsor and Maidenhead unitary authority.
Eton College: The Heart of the Town
Eton College is the town’s defining feature, a boarding school for boys aged 13–18 that has shaped global leaders, intellectuals, and artists for nearly six centuries. Founded with a charitable mission, the college initially provided education to King’s Scholars, selected through competitive exams, who received scholarships and resided in special quarters. Today, it houses about 1,344 students, including 70 King’s Scholars and over 1,200 Oppidans (non-scholar students), many from Britain’s wealthiest families.
The college’s historic buildings, such as the 15th-century chapel with its stunning wall paintings and the cobbled School Yard featuring a statue of Henry VI, are architectural treasures. While the college is not generally open to the public, seasonal heritage tours offer a glimpse into its historic heart, showcasing early buildings and artifacts from the College Collections. The Museum of Eton Life, housed in a former wine cellar, provides free access on Sundays, offering insights into the school’s history and traditions through exhibits and video displays. Visitors describe it as a “fun, thought-provoking” experience, though its small size means a visit lasts about 35–40 minutes.
Eton College’s influence extends beyond education. Its alumni include literary giants like Aldous Huxley and Anthony Powell, actors Eddie Redmayne and Tom Hiddleston, and fictional characters like James Bond and Bertie Wooster. The school’s traditions, such as the “Fourth of June” celebration honoring George III with a Procession of Boats and the quirky “Five Point” challenge, add to its mystique. However, its charitable status and high fees (£52,749 per year in 2023/24) have sparked debate, with some arguing it no longer serves its original mission of educating the poor.
Exploring Eton’s High Street and Surroundings
Eton’s High Street is a charming blend of history and commerce, lined with well-preserved shop fronts, cafes, and pubs that have remained largely unchanged for centuries. A leisurely walk from Windsor across the pedestrianized Windsor Bridge (closed to vehicles since 1970) takes just 15 minutes and offers stunning views of the Thames and Windsor Castle. The High Street’s historical significance is evident in events like the 1537 funeral procession of Jane Seymour, Henry VIII’s third wife, which passed through the town.
Key attractions along the High Street include:
- Eton Porny School: Founded in 1812 by Antoine Pyron du Martré, this school for local children at 14 High Street is a testament to Eton’s commitment to community education.
- St John the Evangelist Church: Consecrated in 1854, this parish church replaced the college chapel as the town’s worship center. Its proximity to the college makes it a focal point for visitors.
- Windsor and Eton Brewery: A local gem, this craft brewery offers tours and a taproom with beers like the “Treetops” Stout, praised as “the best stout ever” by some visitors. The brewery’s mission is to make Windsor and Eton famous for its beers, and its lively atmosphere makes it a must-visit.
- The George Inn: Just across the bridge in Eton, this traditional pub, run by the Windsor and Eton Brewery, offers a riverside view of Windsor Castle and a menu featuring classics like fish and chips. While some reviews praise its cozy ambiance, others note inconsistent food quality, so check the latest offerings before dining.
The town’s proximity to Windsor Castle, the largest and oldest occupied castle in the world, enhances its appeal. A short walk across the bridge connects visitors to the castle’s state apartments, St. George’s Chapel, and the Great Park, a 5,000-acre green space perfect for family outings.
Why Eton Is a Perfect Getaway Destination
Eton’s compact size, rich history, and proximity to Windsor make it an ideal getaway spot. Here’s why:
1. Historical and Cultural Immersion
Eton offers a deep dive into England’s educational and royal heritage. The Museum of Eton Life and occasional college tours provide a window into the traditions of one of the world’s most prestigious schools, while the town’s historic streets and proximity to Windsor Castle offer a tangible connection to Britain’s past.
2. Accessibility
Eton is easily reachable from London, with train services from Waterloo to Windsor & Eton Riverside (50 minutes) or from Paddington to Windsor & Eton Central via Slough (30 minutes). Heathrow Airport is just 8 miles away, making it a convenient stop for international visitors. The town’s pedestrian-friendly layout and proximity to Windsor make it perfect for a day trip or weekend escape.
3. Culinary and Social Scene
From the craft beers at Windsor and Eton Brewery to the traditional pub fare at The George Inn, Eton offers a taste of local flavor. The High Street’s cafes and restaurants, like Sebastian’s Italian in Windsor, cater to diverse palates, while the brewery’s taproom provides a lively social hub.
4. Outdoor Activities
Eton lies on the Thames Path, a scenic route for walking or cycling from Maidenhead to Windsor. The nearby Great Park and Swan Lifeline on Cuckoo Weir Island offer opportunities for nature lovers, while the Thames Valley Athletics Centre and annual steeplechase add sporty appeal.